Driving Sustainability: The Impact of Green Business Practices on Organizational and Economic Performance in Nepal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v7i1.92994Keywords:
green business practices, organizational drivers, sustainable performance, green economyAbstract
The global business landscape is undergoing a critical transition towards a Green Economy (GE), emphasizing sustainable practices to balance environmental, social, and economic objectives. However, little is known about the specific drivers and outcomes of green business adoption within developing economies like Nepal. In this study, we examine the influence of key organizational factors on the adoption of Green Business Practices (GBP) and their subsequent impact on multidimensional performance, identifying implementation obstacles and providing managerial solutions for promoting a GE in Nepal, using a framework integrating the Resource-Based View (RBV), Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV), and Institutional Theory, analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). We tested a total of 10 hypotheses. Primary data were collected from 405 respondents across business organizations, primarily within the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The study reveals that Green Human Capital (GHC) [(β = 0.159, p<0.01)], Green Logistic Management (GLM) [(β = 0.277, p<0.01)], and Green Organizational Commitment (GOC) [(β = 0.446, p<0.01)] significantly impact the adoption of Green Business Practices (GBP). In turn, GBP has a strong, significant positive influence on Environmental Performance (β = 0.719, p<0.01), Economic Performance (β = 0.639, p<0.01), Organizational Performance (β = 0.665, p<0.01), and Social Performance (β = 0.623, p<0.01). Key obstacles identified include a lack of knowledge, inability to adapt to new trends, and insufficient governmental supervision and policy implementation. Managerial solutions emphasize the need for awareness campaigns, skill development, supportive policies, and committed leadership. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, business leaders, and development practitioners, enabling them to understand the critical levers for fostering a Green Economy through corporate sustainability in Nepal.
Downloads
References
1. Aithal, P. S., & Jeevan, P. (2016). How Service Industries Can Transform Themselves into Green Business Industries. Jurnal Algoritma, 5(4), 150–158. https://doi.org/https://ssrn.com/abstract=2960003
2. Aldakhil, A. M., Nassani, A. A., Awan, U., Abro, M. M. Q., & Zaman, K. (2018). Determinants of Green Logistics in BRICS Countries: An Integrated Supply Chain Model for Green Business. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195(1), 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.248
3. Allen, C., & Clouth, S. (2012). A guidebook to the Green Economy (1st ed., Issue 1). UNDESA.
4. Andersen, M. M., Ogallo, E., & Faria, L. G. D. (2022). Green economic change in Africa – green and circular innovation trends, conditions and dynamics in Kenyan companies. Innovation and Development, 12(2), 231–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2021.1876586
5. Anser, M. K., Usman, M., Godil, D. I., Shabbir, M. S., Sharif, A., Tabash, M. I., & Lopez, L. B. (2021). Does globalization affect the green economy and environment? The relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(37), 51105–51118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14243-4
6. Asadi, S., Nilashi, M., Abdullah, R., Samad, S., Yadegaridehkordi, E., Aljojo, N., Razali, N. S., & Pourhashemi, S. O. (2020). Investigating in fluence of green innovation on sustainability performance: A case on Malaysian hotel industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120860
7. Attahiru, Y. B., Aziz, M. M. A., Kassim, K. A., Shahid, S., Bakar, W. A. W. A., NSashruddin, T. F., Rahman, F. A., & Ahamed, M. I. (2019). A review on green economy and development of green roads and highways using carbon neutral materials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 101(1), 600–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.036
8. Baral, S., Khadka, C., & Vacik, H. (2019). Using MCA tools for evaluating community- managed forests from a green economy perspective: lessons from Nepal. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26(8), 672–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2019.1652858
9. Barbier, E. B., Pearce, D., & Markandya, A. (2013). Blueprint 1: for a green economy. In A. Markandya (Ed.), Routledge (Revised fr, Issue 1). Online- Researchgate. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203097298
10. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
11. Basnet, A., Basyal, D. K., Thakur, A., Lawaju, P., Devkota, N., Devkota, J., & Paudel, U. R. (2024). Green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behavior in kathmandu valley. Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 6(1), 100-117.
12. Bhattarai, U., Lopatka, A., Devkota, N., Paudel, U. R., & Németh, P. (2023). Influence of green human resource management on employees' behavior through mediation of environmental knowledge of managers. Journal of International Studies (2071-8330), 16(3), 56-77.
13. Bhuju, D. R., Thapa-Parajuli, R. B., Sharma, P., & Aryal, P. (2014). Nepal’s green economy initiative and framework proposed. Nepal Journal of Environmental Science, 2(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.3126/njes.v2i0.22737
14. Bigliardi, B., & Filippelli, S. (2021). Investigating Circular Business Model Innovation through Keywords Analysis. Sustainability, 13(9), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095036
15. Cheng, Y., Masukujjaman, M., Sobhani, F. A., Hamayun, M., & Alam, S. S. (2023). Green Logistics, Green Human Capital, and Circular Economy: The Mediating Role of Sustainable Production. Sustainability, 15(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021045
16. Cheng, Z., Li, X., & Wang, M. (2021). Resource curse and green economic growth. Resources Policy, 74(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102325
17. Chouaibi, S., Chouaibi, J., & Rossi, M. (2022). ESG and corporate financial performance: the mediating role of green innovation: UK common law versus Germany civil law. EuroMed Journal of Business, 17(1), 46–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-09-2020-0101
18. Dai, X., Rao, F., Liu, Z., Mohsin, M., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2023). Role of public and private investments for green economic recovery in the post-COVID-19. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 36(1), 1146–1166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2081865
19. Devkota, N., Paudel, U. R., & Khanal, G. (2021). Is current understanding adequate for green banking practices in Nepal: a lesson learned. In Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector (pp. 84-98). IGI Global.
20. Devkota, N., Phuyal, R. K., & Shrestha, D. L. (2018). Perception, determinants and barriers for the adoption of climate change adaptation options among Nepalese rice farmers. Agricultural Sciences, 9(3), 272-298.
21. Devkota, N., Rai, R., Khanal, G., Padda, I. U. H., Paudel, U. R., Parajuli, S., & Bhandari, U. (2022). Customer perception and awareness of green banking practices: An alternative strategy of environmental sustainability. In Disruptive technologies and eco-innovation for sustainable development (pp. 20-41). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
22. Du, L., Razzaq, A., & Waqas, M. (2023). The impact of COVID 19 on small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs): empirical evidence for green economic implications. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(1), 1540–1561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22221-7
23. Ekahe, F., & Uwameiye, R. (2019). Green Business Best Practices for Enterprises' Sustainability in South-South, Nigeria. Journal of Business Marketing and Management, 4(3), 17–25. www.ijbmm.com
24. Enrico, D. A. (2021). Japan’ s 2050 goal: A carbon-neutral society.
25. Farooq, F., Chaudhry, I. S., Yusop, Z., & Habibullah, M. S. (2020). How do globalization and Foreign direct investment affect environmental quality in OIC member countries? Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Science, 14(2), 551–568. https://doi.org//10.3390/su13020758
26. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research This, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/doi/abs/10.1177/002224378101800104
27. Georgeson, L., Maslin, M., & Poessinouw, M. (2017). The global green economy: a review of concepts , definitions , measurement methodologies and their interactions. Geo: Geography and Environment, 4(1), e00036. https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.36
28. Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1992). Monte Carlo Evaluations of Goodness of Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 132–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002002
29. Giovanni, P. De, & Zaccour, G. (2014). A two-period game of a closed-loop supply chain. European Journal of Operational ResearchResearch, 232(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.06.032
30. Giovanni, P. De. (2012). Do internal and external environmental management contribute to the triple bottom line? International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 32(3), 265–290. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571211212574
31. Gotschol, A., Giovanni, P. De, & Vinzi, V. E. (2014). Is environmental management an economically sustainable business? Journal of Environmental Management, 144, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.001
32. Haibo, C., Ayamba, E. C., Agyemang, A. O., Afriyie, S. O., & Anaba, A. O. (2019). Economic development and environmental sustainability — the case of foreign direct investment effect on environmental pollution in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(1), 7228–7242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04167-5
33. Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109(1), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
34. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
35. Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 117(3), 442–458. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2016-0130
36. Hart, Stuart L. (1995). A Natural Resource View of the Firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014. https://doi.org/doi:10.5465/AMR.1995.9512280033
37. Hasan, M. M., Nekmahmud, M., Yajuan, L., & Patwary, M. A. (2019). Green business value chain: a systematic review. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 20(1), 326–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2019.08.003
38. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
39. Iddagoda, A., Manta, O., Dissanayake, H., Abeysinghe, R., & Perera, D. (2023). Combatting Environmental Crisis: Green Orientation in the Sri Lanka Navy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16030180
40. Ikram, M., Sroufe, R., Awan, U., & Abid, N. (2022). Enabling Progress in Developing Economies: A Novel Hybrid Decision-Making Model for Green Technology Planning. Sustainability, 14, 258. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010258
41. Iqbal, S., Akhtar, S., Anwar, F., Kayani, A. J., Sohu, J. M., & Khan, A. S. (2021). Linking green innovation performance and green innovative human resource practices in SMEs; a moderation and mediation analysis using PLS-SEM. Current Psychology, 40(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02403-1
42. Johnson, S. U., Ulvenes, P. G., Øktedalen, T., & Hoffart, A. (2019). Psychometric properties of the GAD-7 in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01713
43. Karki, M. (2013). Green Economy for Sustainable Development in Nepal: Role of Forestry Sector. The Initiation, 5, 96–109. https://doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10259
44. Khan, S. A. R., & Yu, Z. (2020). Assessing the eco-environmental performance: an PLS-SEM approach with a practice-based view. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 24(3), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2020.1754773
45. Khan, S. A. R., Yu, Z., Sharif, A., & Golpîra, H. (2020). Determinants of economic growth and environmental sustainability in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation: evidence from panel ARDL. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(26), 45675–45687. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10410-1
46. Khanal, G., Shrestha, R., Devkota, N., Sakhakarmy, M., Mahato, S., Paudel, U. R., ... & Khanal, C. K. (2023). An investigation of green supply chain management practices on organizational performance using multivariate statistical analysis. Supply Chain Analytics, 3, 100034.
47. Kline, R. B. (2018). Response to Leslie Hayduk’s review of Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling,4th edition. Canadian Studies in Population, 45(3–4), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.25336/csp29418
48. Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
49. Lawaju, P., Adhikari, S. U., & Devkota, J. (2024). Impact of AI in Education: An Evidence from Use of ChatGPT in Management Education in Nepal. Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 6(3), 621-642.
50. Lawaju, P., & KC A, D. N. (2024). Exploring post-COVID-19 travel intentions of foreign tourists in Nepal: An empirical study using structural equation modeling. Smart Tourism, 5(2), 2779.
51. Lateef, R., Kong, Y., Javeed, S. A., & Sattar, U. (2021). Carbon emissions in the saarc countries with causal effects of fdi, economic growth and other economic factors: Evidence from dynamic simultaneous equation models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094605
52. Leggett, J. A., & Carter, N. T. (2012). Rio + 20: The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, June 2012 (Issue June).
53. Licastro, A., & Sergi, B. S. (2021). Drivers and barriers to a green economy. A review of selected balkan countries. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100228
54. Liu, D., Zhang, Y., Hafeez, M., & Ullah, S. (2022). Financial Inclusion and Its Influence on Economic-Environmental Performance: Demand and Supply Perspectives. In Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Vol. 29, Issue 38, pp. 58212–58221). Springer Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18856-1
55. Liu, J., Gao, X., Cao, Y., Mushtaq, N., Chen, J., & Wan, L. (2022). Catalytic Effect of Green Human Resource Practices on Sustainable Development Goals: Can Individual Values Moderate an Empirical Validation in a Developing Economy? Sustainability, 14(21), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114502
56. Magar, S., Basyal, D. K., Lawaju, P., Paudel, U. R., & Poudel, D. K. (2023). Determinants of microfinance adoption, challenges encountered, and principal solutions: An empirical analysis using theory of planned behaviour. Interdisciplinary Journal of Innovation in Nepalese Academia, 2(2), 113-128.
57. Mahato, U., Devkota, N., Dhakal, K., Mahato, S., Paudel, U. R., Lawaju, P., ... & Bohaju, S. (2023). Customers’ satisfaction on buying goods at Bhatbhateni Supermarket in Nepal: Evidence from structural equation modelling. International Socioeconomic Review, 1(1), 1-14.
58. Mahat, T. J., Bláha, L., Uprety, B., & Bittner, M. (2019). Climate finance and green growth: reconsidering climate related institutions, investments, and priorities in Nepal. Environmental Sciences Europe, 31(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-019-0222-0
59. Marhaeni, A. A. I. N., Jermsittiparsert, K., Sudarmo, Indrawati, L. R., Prasetyo, A., Fuada, N., Rachmadhani, A., Raharjo, T. W., Wahyudianto, H., Bekti Putri Harwijayanti, Sitorus, J., Fahlevi, M., & Aljuaid, M. (2023). Adoption of the Green Economy through Branchless Rural Credit Banks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/doi.org/ 10.3390/su15032723
60. Mathema, A. B., Guragain, S., Khadka, R. B., Sherpa, N., & Adhikari, B. B. (2013). Can hydropower drive green economy for Nepal: A review. A Journal of Environmental Protection, 4, 732–740. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.47084
61. Merino-saum, A., Clement, J., Wyss, R., & Baldi, M. G. (2020). Unpacking the Green Economy concept: A quantitative analysis of 140 definitions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 242, 118339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118339
62. MoLJPA, M. of L. J. and P. A. (2019). National Climate Change Policy, 2076 (2019).
63. Moosa, A., & He, F. (2021). Impact of environmental management practices on corporate sustainability: evidence from the Maldives hospitality industry. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-06-2020-0700
64. Muangmee, C., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., Meekaewkunchorn, N., Kassakorn, N., & Khalid, B. (2021). Green entrepreneurial orientation and green innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Social Sciences, 10(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040136
65. Mundaca, L., Neij, L., Markandya, A., Hennicke, P., & Yan, J. (2016). Towards a Green Energy Economy? Assessing policy choices, strategies and transitional pathways. Applied Energy, 179(1), 1283–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.086
66. Naing, N. N. (2003). Determination of sample size. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS, 10(2), 84–86. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11799_10
67. Nandy, S., Fortunato, E., & Martins, R. (2022). Green economy and waste management: An inevitable plan for materials science. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2022.01.001
68. Nepal, R., & Paija, N. (2019). A multivariate time series analysis of energy consumption, real output and pollutant emissions in a developing economy: New evidence from Nepal. Economic Modelling, 77(1), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.05.023
69. Nepal, R., Phoumin, H., & Khatri, A. (2021). Green Technological Development and Deployment in the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN)— At Crossroads or Roundabout? Sustainability, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org//10.3390/su13020758
70. OfficeofCompanyRegistrar. (2023, 6 10). Government of Nepal Minstry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies. Retrieved from ocr.gov.np/:https://ocr.gov.np/
71. Pan, W., Pan, W., Hu, C., Tu, H., Zhao, C., Yu, D., Xiong, J., & Zheng, G. (2018). Assessing the Green Economy in China: An Improved Framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 209(1), 680–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.267
72. Parajuli, S., Shrestha, R., Devkota, N., Magar, S. R., Rajbhandari, S., & Poudel, U. R. (2022). Practice of Green Supply Chain Management and Organization Performance in the Manufacturing Industries of the Kathmandu Valley. In Cases on Supply Chain Management and Lessons Learned From COVID-19 (pp. 146-163). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
73. Pérez-Hernández, C. C., Salazar-Hernández, B. C., Mendoza-Moheno, J., Cruz-Coria, E., & Hernández-Calzada, M. A. (2021). Mapping the green product-space in mexico: From capabilities to green opportunities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 945–930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020945
74. Polas, M. R. H., Kabir, A. I., Sohel-uz-zaman, A. S., Karim, R., & Tabash, M. I. (2022). Blockchain Technology as a Game Changer for Green Innovation: Green Entrepreneurship as a Roadmap to Green Economic Sustainability in Peru. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex, 8(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ joitmc8020062
75. Rai, R., Kharel, S., Devkota, N., & Paudel, U. R. (2019). Customers perception on green banking practices: A desk. The Journal of Economic Concerns, 10(1), 82-95.
76. Rajbhandari, S., Devkota, N., Khanal, G., Mahato, S., & Paudel, U. R. (2022). Assessing the industrial readiness for adoption of industry 4.0 in Nepal: A structural equation model analysis. Heliyon, 8(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08919
77. Rodrigues, M., & Franco, M. (2023). Green Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): A Qualitative Approach. Sustainability, 15(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054510
78. Saeed, A., Jun, Y., Nubuor, S. A., Priyankara, H. P. R., & Jayasuriya, M. P. F. (2018). Institutional Pressures, Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Environmental and Economic Performance: A Two Theory View. Sustainability, 10(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051517
79. Shaheen, F., Lodhi, M. S., Rosak-szyrocka, J., Zaman, K., Awan, U., Asif, M., Ahmed, W., & Siddique, M. (2022). Cleaner Technology and Natural Resource Management: An Environmental Sustainability Perspective from China. Clean Technologies, 4(1), 584–606. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4030036
80. Shrestha, G., Devkota, N., Dhakal, K., Mahato, S., Paudel, U. R., & Agrawal, S. (2023). Customer awareness of green purchase decisions regarding green products in Nepal. Journal of the Academy of Business and Emerging Markets, 3(1), 27-40.
81. Simmou, W., Govindan, K., Sameer, I., Hussainey, K., & Simmou, S. (2023). Doing good to be green and live clean! - Linking corporate social responsibility strategy, green innovation, and environmental performance: Evidence from Maldivian and Moroccan small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Cleaner Production, 384(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135265
82. Singh, M. P., Chakraborty, A., & Roy, M. (2018). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to explore circular economy readiness in manufacturing MSMEs, India. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.015
83. Sobaih, A. E. E., Hasanein, A., & Elshaer, I. (2020). Influences of Green Human Resources Management on Environmental Performance in Small Lodging Enterprises: The Role of Green Innovation. Sustainability, 12(24), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410371
84. Soetanto, D., Huang, S., Mahmud, M., & Jack, S. (2022). A configuration perspective of absorptive capacity in environmental management practice. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, xx(xx), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2034781
85. Stafford, W., & Faccer, K. (2014). Steering towards a Steering towards a Green Economy: A reference Guide. In M. Audouin, N. Funke, L. Godfrey, L. Haywood, C. Musvoto, W. Strijdom, & B. de Wet (Eds.), CSiR our future through science. CSiR our future through science. https://www.csir.co.za/sites/default/files/Documents/GE guide.pdf.
86. Tahir, T., Luni, T., Majeed, M. T., & Zafar, A. (2021). The impact of financial development and globalization on environmental quality: evidence from South Asian economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(1), 8088–8101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11198-w
87. Tandukar, H., Devkota, N., Khanal, G., Padda, I. U. H., Paudel, U. R., Bhandari, U., ... & Parajuli, S. (2021). An Empirical Study of Nepalese Commercial Banks' Performances on Green Banking: An Analysis from the Perspective of Bankers. Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(1), 49-62.
88. Tandukar, S., & Yadav, A. S. (2020). Green marketing: Driver for green economy in Nepal. IBA Journal of Management & Leadership, 12(1), 41–53. https://iba.ac.in/wpcontent/uploads/2021/08/IBA_Journal_July_Dec_2020.pdf#page=43
89. Teece, D. J. (2017). Business models and dynamic capabilities *. Long Range Planning, 51(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.06.007
90. Teixeira, A. A., Stefanelli, N. O., Oliveira, J. H. C. de, Moraes, T. E. da C., Freitas, W. R. de S., & Teixeira, T. B. (2020). Green supply chain management in Latin America: Systematic literature review and future directions. Environmental Quality Management, 30(2), 47–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21712
91. Tolliver, C., Fujii, H., Keeley, A. R., & Managi, S. (2020). Green Innovation and Finance in Asia. Asian Economic Policy Review, 16(1), 67–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12320
92. Tommasetti, A., Singer, P., Troisi, O., & Maione, G. (2018). Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB): Investigating Customers’ Perception of Restaurants’ Sustainability by Testing a Structural Equation Model. Sustainability, 10(7), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072580
93. Trivellas, P., Malindretos, G., & Reklitis, P. (2020). Implications of Green Logistics Management on Sustainable Business and Supply Chain Performance: Evidence from a Survey in the Greek Agri-Food Sector. Sustainability, 12(24), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410515
94. Unay-gailhard, I., & Bojnec, S. (2019). The impact of green economy measures on rural employment: Green jobs in farms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 541–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.160
95. Wen, J., Hussain, H., Waheed, J., Ali, W., & Jamil, I. (2022). Pathway toward environmental sustainability: mediating role of corporate social responsibility in green human resource management practices in small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Manpower, 43(3), 701–718. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2020-0013
96. Zeb, R., Salar, L., Awan, U., Zaman, K., & Shahbaz, M. (2014). Causal links between renewable energy, environmental degradation and economic growth in selected SAARC countries: progress towards green economy. Renewable Energy, 71, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.05.012
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Research Journal of MMC (IRJMMC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
